Support Networks of Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Canada's aging population and the increasing prevalence of frailty have amplified the challenges faced by caregivers. Social support networks play a critical role in shaping caregiver burden, coping mechanisms and overall well-being. Despite their importance, the composition and effectiveness of these networks are not fully understood, nor are they consistently integrated into broader caregiving support frameworks.

Objective: To explore the composition and function of social support networks and examine how these networks influence caregiver experiences, stress, and rewards.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed. This included a mixed-methods network analysis with 17 caregivers, which combined network mapping and semi-structured interviews. Additionally, a secondary quantitative analysis was conducted using data from the 2018 General Social Survey. This component involved 1,629 caregivers and applied a binomial logistic regression model to identify predictors of caregiver stress.

Results: Network analysis: Three caregiver network typologies emerged—locally integrated, local family dependent, and broader community-focused —reflecting differences in the availability and diversity of support. These typologies shaped how caregivers accessed help, coordinated care, and coped with their responsibilities. Qualitative themes included relationship management, care coordination, and coping. Stats Canada Secondary Analysis: 78.1% of caregivers reported high stress, which was strongly associated with life disruption. Female and older caregivers had lower odds of stress, while higher income predicted greater stress. Caregiving context variables were not significant.

Conclusion: The structure and quality of caregiver social support networks are pivotal in influencing the caregiving experience. These findings suggest that enhancing network capacity and promoting a balance between caregiving responsibilities and personal well-being may mitigate caregiver stress and bolster resilience.

Implications: This dissertation contributes to a deeper understanding of caregiver support systems, highlighting the need for integrated, network-informed approaches in policy and practice. The insights gained can inform practice by applying network-informed approaches to enhance caregiver support, restructure daily routines, and advocate for more equitable systemic policies.