Knowledge to Action in the Parasport Context: Engaging Sport Administrators in the Development and Implementation of Knowledge Tools Related to Classification

Abstract

Classification is an essential, yet often misunderstood aspect of sport for persons with disabilities (i.e., parasports). The studies comprising this dissertation were conceptualized and co-produced with knowledge users from the parasport community to advance our empirical understanding of classification and provide practitioners with tools for its management. A systematic scoping review and online search of resources that support learning about classification was conducted in Study 1. Coaches’ and classifiers’ roles during classification, athletes’ perspectives on classification, and the influence of classification on athletes’ participation in parasport were the most researched topics. Webpages reviewed were of relatively low quality and seldom provided information or instruction on intra- and inter-personal aspects of classification, indicating the need for additional educational resources. This study constitutes the Knowledge Synthesis phase of Knowledge Creation. In Study 2, we conducted semi-structured interviews with six parasport administrators. Findings show that on-the-job experiences are administrators’ primary means of learning about classification and underscore the need for formalized training which accounts for the organizational context of the sport. This study constitutes the Knowledge Inquiry phase of Knowledge Creation. Knowledge related to classification was synthesized and deliberated upon following the AGREE II protocol for recommendation development in Study 3. Eight individuals with experience undergoing or facilitating international classification and/or relevant academic expertise drafted seven evidence-informed recommendations for classification management. Feedback on the clarity, comprehensiveness, and fit of the recommendations within parasport was solicited from external knowledge users via an online survey. This study constitutes the Knowledge Product/Tool Development phase of Knowledge Creation. Finally, implementation of the evidence-informed recommendations described above was undertaken by two national sport organizations in Study 4. Using a collective cases study approach, we operationalized readiness for change as a framework to guide the implementation process and identified limited financial and human resources as a factor which restricted implementation. This study represents the initial phases of the Action Cycle. This dissertation is the first comprehensive investigation of administrators’ roles in managing parasport classification and offers readers recommendations for how to improve practices related to classification education and management while highlighting the complexities of navigating the parasport system.